![]() pri-miRNA is cleaved by Drosha to a 60- to 80-nt precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) with multiple mismatches and bulges, which is then exported by Exportin-5 to the cytoplasm and cleaved by Dicer-1, generating an approximately 22-nt double-stranded miRNA (miRNA-5p: miRNA-3p duplex). miRNA genes are expressed mainly by RNA polymerase II in the nucleus as primary miRNA (pri-miRNA). miRNAs may be encoded from non-coding transcripts, introns or even coding regions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of ∼22 nucleotides (nt) produced by animals and plants as well as some viruses. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. and A.A.K.) and the Australian Research Council ( Discovery Early Career Researcher Award fellowship DE120101512 (to M.H.). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council ( ) project grant APP1062983 (to S.A. Received: JanuAccepted: ApPublished: April 23, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 Mayoral et al. PLoS ONE 9(4):Įditor: Daniel Doucet, Natural Resources Canada, Canada The miRNAs and piRNAs identified in this study provide promising leads for investigations into the host-endosymbiont interactions and for better understanding of how Wolbachia manipulates the host miRNA machinery in order to facilitate its persistent replication in infected cells.Ĭitation: Mayoral JG, Etebari K, Hussain M, Khromykh AA, Asgari S (2014) Wolbachia Infection Modifies the Profile, Shuttling and Structure of MicroRNAs in a Mosquito Cell Line. In addition, we identified piRNAs that changed their abundance in response to Wolbachia infection. We discuss the mechanisms that the cell may use to shuttle miRNAs between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. We found an overall increase of small RNAs between 18 and 28 nucleotides in both cellular compartments in Wolbachia-infected cells and identified specific miRNAs induced and/or suppressed by the Wolbachia infection. We characterized the miRNA composition of the nucleus and the cytoplasm of uninfected cells and compared it with the one of cells infected with the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia strain wMelPop-CLA. Small RNA deep sequencing technology provided an opportunity for a thorough survey of the miRNA profile of a mosquito cell line from Aedes aegypti. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in many biological processes such as development, cell signaling and immune response.
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